Varicose veins - Pathological stretching of the walls of the peripheral veins, accompanied by the failure of the flap apparatus and a violation of the local blood flow.Changed vessels look expanded, curve -rich, inflated in the form of superficial nodes.The main section of the lesion is the veins of the lower extremities.The patient's first complaint can be limited to a cosmetic defect in the form of vascular networks.Against the background of the progression of the disease, a feeling of severity combines in the legs and cramps. Varicose veins usually interfere with women more often.The most common localization is the subcutaneous veins of the legs, a little less often - the hips.There are a group of factors that cause a pathological stretching of the vascular wall: from external influences that end with a genetic predisposition.It is worth getting to know the causes of varicose veins on the feet.
The causes of varicose veins
Against the background of diseases of the flap apparatus and an increase in blood flow, there is a persistent expansion of the vascular lumen.The composition of the venous walls includes the connective tissue, which is unable to reduce the original state with excessive stretching.Symptoms of varicose veins of the affected veins of the lower extremities progress: the blood that moves along the extended vessels is exposed to stagnation, putting even more pressure on them.This in turn leads to violations of the trophism of the surrounding tissue.
basic
The causes of varicose veins are numerous and can be combined.The leading factors include:
- Characteristics of physical activity.Varicose veins are often found in men who are involved with constant weightlifting (move).People with professions in connection with longer stands on their feet (hairdresser), seated position (office worker), are also subject to diseases.
- Obesity.This applies to a significant number of overweight.
- Hormonic changes.For example, the causes of varicose veins in women are a decrease in the vascular tone during pregnancy against the background of progesterone production, with all medical hormone -active medication being taken.
- Inheritance.Cases of inheritance are known to the structure of the structure of the connective tissue that increase the likelihood of supplying varicose veins.
Secondary
Both the properties of the lifestyle and some types of diseases can worsen a violation of venous blood flow.Secondary causes of varicose veins:
- Unknown shoes, symptoms of varicose veins in women (severity in the legs, cramps, vascular network) - a common consequence of a longer walking in high heels.
- Excessive tight clothes.
- Irrational sport (increase the bar).
- Diseases of internal organs and systems varicose veins due to severe chronic cardiovascular failure.
- Arteriovenous shunts are a pathological transmission of arterial blood in the venous channel.
- Training that presses on the surrounding ships.
- Stress due to the general regulation of the sound of arteries and veins.
Level
Varicosis on the lower extremities is not the resulting pathology, but a gradually developed process.Various types of classifications are used in medical practice.
The simplest and most universal stocks of 3 degrees:
- Compensation - small cosmetic defects without characteristic complaints.
- Subcompensted - progression of stagnation, development of classic symptoms.
- Decompensation - connecting complications of varicose veins.
The clinical classification developed in 2000 is with specialists.Varicose veins on the legs comprise 4 stages:
- Varicose veins subcutaneous or intrader painter veins, not accompanied by a violation of venous blood.
- Segmental varicose veins with the unloading of venous blood into the veins of the lower extremities (superficial).
- Extensive varicose veins with the same discharge as in the previous phase.
- The output of venous blood into deep vessels.
Symptoms
The clinical course of varicose veins depends directly on the stage of the disease.In the early stages, complaints only refer to external defects in the form of vascular nets and stars on the feet.The following symptoms will be connected later:
- Varicose veins, the appearance of vascular subcutaneous knots.
- Feeling of gravity, quick tiredness of the legs.
- Swelling of the lower extremities, often asymmetrical.
- Pain syndrome, up to seizures, especially at the end of the day.
If you do not begin treatment, varicose veins can continue to cause metabolic disorders in the surrounding tissues.This will initially occur in the form of dryness and pigmentation of the skin.In the phase of decompensation, trophic ulcers appear that are difficult to heal.
Which doctor is busy with the treatment of varicose veins
If symptoms occur, you should consult a specialist.The specialist will determine the severity of the disease and prescribe conservative treatment.If there are signs of surgery, the doctor leads the patient to the vascular surgeon.
Diagnosis
In order to determine the fact of the disease, there is a sufficient normal examination by the doctor.In order to clarify the stage of the varicose veins and the determination of the therapeutic tactics, these research methods use:
- Clinical, biochemical blood test - are included in the standard minimum.
- The ultrasound dopperography is an evaluation of the consistency of the vessel, the general condition of the blood flow.
- Ultrasound -Duplex -Scanning -combines the standard -ultrasound of the tissue.
- Revasography is an assessment of the hemodynamics of the limbs.
- Angiography is an invasive radiological study based on the introduction of a contrast matter in the vessel.
Treatment
Varicose veins on the legs are a pathology in the fight against which an integrated approach is required.The type of treatment depends on the stage of the disease.In the initial phases, they are limited to the prescription of medicinal products and non -invasive procedures.With the progress of varicose veins, you can use an operation.
Medication
A number of drugs can be taken into account not only as part of conservative therapy, but also as prevention medication for the prevention of varicose veins or their complications.The mean values are produced in different forms: ointments, gels for external use, tablets, capsules.Taking one of the medication should be agreed with the doctor.Pain in the legs, swelling with varicose veins - symptoms that successfully borrow for conservative therapy in the early stages.Basically, use medicines with tonic, anticoagulants, medium -heavy anti -inflammatory anti -inflammatory effects.Treatment usually begins with the following means of local influence:
- With sodium herself.
- Combined.
Proceedings
The treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities is based on the following mechanisms: improvement of regional blood flow through physical activity, artificial narrowing of blood vessels using an external compression or a complete overlap of the lumen of the affected vein.
Non -invasive methods:
- Therapeutic gymnastics.
- Wearing compression knitting clothes.
Invasive procedure:
- Sclerotherapy.It is based on the introduction of substances with sticky properties.The blocking vessel switches from the total blood flow.The manipulation is displayed with the initial symptoms of varicose veins of the lower extremities.Not suitable for removing too large knots.
- Ozonotherapy.According to the principle, it is similar to the previous methodology.The introduction of ozone helps in the fight against vascular stars.
Folk methods
The use of funds in this category requires a mandatory discussion with the applicable doctor.People's recipes can reduce the symptoms of varicose veins, but not completely heal.For this reason, they should only be considered a tool.
Examples of recipes:
- Place 3 apples in boiling water, cover with a lid and leave it in heat for 4 hours.Drink soft apples, let in a pan, mix.Stress.Add the resulting solution before using honey (1 tablespoon of spoon).Take half a grinder before meals.
- Ointment with horse chestnut.Proportions - 5 chestnut fruits, 5 tablespoons of flowers, 500 ml of the base (vegetable oil or oil jelly).Grind raw materials, mix all components.Place in a water bath, do not store it for more than 3 hours.Stress.
operation
Surgical treatment is the option of choice in cases where therapeutic methods are not effective to combat varicose veins.Several surgical techniques are currently being developed that differ in the degree of invasiveness.Types of procedures with increasing volume of surgical interventions:
- Laser coagulation of ships of the legs.It is divided into endovasal and contactless.In the first case, we talk about the installation of a laser coagulator in the lumen of the affected ship under local anesthesia, in the second time the use of a laser without violating the integrity of the skin.The purpose of the methodology is to "chew" the affected area.Suitable for cases in which varicose veins do not exceed 10 mm in diameter.
- Flebectomy.It is a radical surgical method for eliminating varicose veins.The treatment is based on the direct removal of the affected vessel.It is carried out under operating conditions under general anesthesia.
Complications
What are varicose veins on the legs?This is originally a low -sympathetic disease that has serious complications in the course of progress.It is to be understood that swollen veins represent a potential threat to general health.
phlebitis
It is an inflammation of the venous wall.Flebitis is caused by its excessive stretching and consequently the microtrauma of the inner lining of the vessel.It is the most common complication of varicose veins that are on the legs.As a rule, the symptoms manifest asymmetrically.The first complaint that can suspect can be suspected is the appearance of a blunt pain painful, which intensifies in touching the affected area.The place of inflammation is compressed, the skin becomes hyperemic and warm.With the development of acute phlebitis, the pain becomes burning, unbearable, the cover over the sick place has a bright red color.
Thrombophlebitis
The specified complication of varicose veins usually arises.The mechanism of occurrence is the formation of a blood clot in the inflamed area of the vein.Flotting thrombus is particularly dangerous.Part of it is fixed on the vessel wall and the other fluctuates freely in the lumen in the blow of the blood flow.The "tail" formed from the varicose vein risks affected by the waist to tear away and go to the heart.The symptoms of thrombophlebitis of the veins of the lower extremities are similar to the signs of phlebitis.Hyperthermia, shaking frost and weakness can also join them.In view of the potential danger of such a state, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.
Phlebreak
The complication of varicose veins caused by the hit of the thrombus into the lumen of the deep veins.The symptoms depend directly on the position of the blood clot.For example, if it has formed at the level of the calf muscle, a feeling of bursting is disturbed and a swelling will spread to a ankle.Edema and pain syndrome are distributed in the lower extremity when the bloodboard on the level of the abdominal cavity enters the venous network.Phlebet trombosis is often difficult to diagnose.The symptoms of this complication of varicose veins often have a lubricated clinical picture, and the pathology already manifests itself in the form of a life -threatening state.When recognizing a complication in good time, the doctor can not only use conservatives, but also in surgical treatment.
Lung artery thromboembolism (lungs
A blood clot that was torn from the venous wall moves into the right parts of the heart and then presses into the lung artery, causing a blockage of its branches.Depending on the caliber of the affected vessels, the pathological flow varies from asymptomatic to acute, lightning fast.Signs of Tela:
- Sudden shortness of breath - the patient "catches" air with his mouth, like a fish.
- Tachycardia.
- The algian syndrome is characterized by pain like a heart attack.
- General weakness.
- A temperature increase of the subfebrils (37-38 ° C).
- The blue of the skin, a cast shadow.
- Cough.
- Heltering.
This episode of varicose veins is life -threatening and requires emergency measures.The treatment is carried out in a resuscitation department.In addition to the complications mentioned above, other consequences of varicose veins can occur:
- Trophic ulcers are one of their latest symptoms of varicose veins.
- Bleeding from a broken vein.
- Dermatitis.
prevention
The disease can be warned before the symptoms of varicose veins have appeared.Prevention measures include:
- Competent distribution of physical activity.It is recommended to change by seat.With a high disposition for varicose veins, it is worthwhile to rule out the increase of heavy loads that are connected to the legs with a longer prestige.
- Wear comfortable shoes and clothes.The permissible height of the heel does not cross 4 cm.
- Correction of body weight.Normal weight is an indicator that significantly reduces the likelihood of symptoms of varicose veins.
- The use of compression knitting clothes (as required by a doctor).If a feeling of difficult appearance, fatigue in the legs against the background of the physical activity associated with a longer standing, we talk about laundry of the 1, degree of compression.
- Foot massage (only in the absence of pronounced varicose veins).Can be carried out independently.
What are varicose veins?This is a section of the walls of peripheral veins, the occurrence of which is more connected to the properties of the lifestyle.In the initial phases, the illusion of "harmlessness" manages.However, the underestimation of the insidence of varicose veins is subject to complications that are difficult to remove.With the help of simple preventive measures, you can not only prevent the pathology yourself, but also avoid your distant dangerous consequences.